F-14 Tomcat

A third-generation jet fighter optimized for Cold War defense of U.S. Navy Carrier Strike Groups, but enjoying a long service life in which it gained fighter-bomber and reconnaissance capabilities. Originally, it was intended for the "outer air battle": intercepting Soviet bombers carrying long-range anti-shipping missiles, beyond the range at which they could launch: over 250mi/400 km from the high value asset ships in the center of the task force.

To do this, the aircraft was designed around a missile with unprecedentedly long range, the AIM-54 Phoenix, and a matching long-range radar, the AN/AWG-9. Since the primary targets were relatively unmaneuverable bombers, and the secondary targets large cruise missiles that they launched, the Phoenix did not need complex terminal guidance, but needed high speed to get the long range. The aircraft could simultaneously track 24 targets and guide 6 missiles.

Surprisingly for a fighter, the Tomcat was among the heaviest aircraft ever to operate from an aircraft carrier. The "A" version had underpowered engines, and could not land on the carrier with a full load of missiles; it would have to jettison expensive ordnance or take off with a smaller load.