Central Asia: Difference between revisions
imported>Sandy Harris No edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| (19 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{subpages}} | {{subpages}} | ||
The term '''Central Asia''' is not precisely defined. In one common usage it designates five geographically adjacent predominantly Muslim former Soviet republics — [[Kazakhstan]], | {{TOC|left}} | ||
The term '''Central Asia''' is not precisely defined. Various organizations define it by contiguous geography, in ethnic and linguistic terms, or by economic relationships. | |||
{{Image|Cis central asia pol 95.jpg|right|300px|The Commonwealth of Independent States and Central Asia}} | |||
Most definitions do focus on countries created by the breakup of the [[Soviet Union]], but do not limit it to those former Soviet Republics. | |||
==Geographic== | |||
{{Image|Caucasus cntrl asia political 2003.jpg|left|300px|Core contiguous nations and others in the region}} | |||
In one common usage it designates five geographically adjacent predominantly Muslim former Soviet republics — [[Kazakhstan]], Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. For example, that definition is often used by the UN <ref>{{citation | |||
| title = UN map of Central Asia | | title = UN map of Central Asia | ||
| url=http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/centrasia.pdf}}</ref> | | url=http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/centrasia.pdf}}</ref> | ||
<ref>{{citation | <ref>{{citation | ||
| title = Country list for Central Asia | | title = Country list for Central Asia | ||
| | | author = UN Office on Drugs & Crime | ||
|url=http://www.unodc.org/uzbekistan/en/country_profile.html}}</ref>. | |url=http://www.unodc.org/uzbekistan/en/country_profile.html}}</ref>. | ||
Afghanistan can reasonably be added, since it is closely related culturally and historically to those nations and geographically contiguous with them. [[Azerbaijan]] is not geographically contiguous, but it is nearby and is another former Soviet republic that is mainly Muslim so some <ref name=NGG-1>{{citation | |||
| id= McNair Paper Number 47 | | id= McNair Paper Number 47 | ||
| date = January 1996 | | date = January 1996 | ||
| title = The New Great | | title = The New Great Game in Muslim Central Asia | ||
| publisher = Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University | | publisher = Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University | ||
| author = M.E. Ahrari with J. Beal | | author = M.E. Ahrari with J. Beal | ||
| contrubution=Chapter 1: The Framework | | contrubution=Chapter 1: The Framework | ||
| url =http://www.ndu.edu/inss/mcnair/mcnair47/m047ch01.html}}</ref> | | url =http://www.ndu.edu/inss/mcnair/mcnair47/m047ch01.html}}</ref> | ||
include it. In its reference documents, the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] considers Azerbaijan part of [[Southwestern Asia]]. <ref name=WFB-AJ>{{citation | |||
| contribution = Azerbaijan | |||
| title = The World Factbook | |||
| author = [[Central Intelligence Agency]] | |||
| url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/aj.html}}</ref> | |||
==Economic== | |||
Primarily focused on regional import-export and resource use (e.g., water, energy and especially sustainable energy, gender and economy, knowledge-based development, statistics, trade, transport and | |||
torder Crossing), the UN Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia<ref>{{citation | |||
| url = http://www.unescap.org/oes/speca/ | |||
| title=U.N. Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia}}</ref> includes both Afghanistan and Azerbaijan, in addition to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Established by the [[Tashkent]] Declaration, the founders were the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan on the one side, jointly with the larger regional organizations, the [[U.N. Economic Commission for Europe]] (ECE) and the [[U.N. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]].<ref name=TashkentDec>{{citation | |||
| title = Tashkent Declaration for the UN Special Progamme for the Economies of Central Asia (SPECA) | |||
| author = SPECA ([[U.N. Special Commission for Asia and the Pacific]]) | |||
| url = http://www.unescap.org/oes/SPECA/about/tashkent_declaration.asp | |||
| date = March 26, 1998}}</ref> One of the specific coordinating areas is the multinational system of [[pipeline]]s for [[petroleum]] produced in, and shipped across, the region. | |||
==Ethnic and linguistic== | |||
{{Image|Central Asia ethnic 93.jpg|left|659px|Some ethnic concentrations in areas of Central Asia}} | |||
Some definitions are broader yet. Some <ref>{{citation | Some definitions are broader yet. Some <ref>{{citation | ||
|title=The Transoxania Pages: Central Asian history, languages, literature and culture | |title=The Transoxania Pages: Central Asian history, languages, literature and culture | ||
|author=Mark Dickens | |author=Mark Dickens | ||
|url=http://www.oxuscom.com/centasia.htm}}</ref> include what is now the Chinese province of [[Xinjiang]], a predominantly Muslim area with a language related to Turkish, calling it "East Turkestan". Arguably, [[Mongolia]] and various other areas could be included as well. | |url=http://www.oxuscom.com/centasia.htm}}</ref> include what is now the Chinese province of [[Xinjiang]], a predominantly Muslim area with a language related to Turkish, calling it "[[East Turkestan]]". Arguably, [[Mongolia]] and various other areas could be included as well. | ||
==Political and economic== | |||
Another grouping, including major powers external to the region as did the more defense-oriented [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] and [[South East Asia Treaty Organization]] is the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organization]], created on June 21, 2001. It founding members included China and Russia as well as Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan but not Turkmenistan.<ref name=SCO-CN>{{citation | |||
| title = Shanghai Cooperation Organization | |||
| date = January 7, 2001 | |||
| url = http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/topics/sco/t57970.htm}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist|2}}[[Category:Suggestion Bot Tag]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:00, 26 July 2024
The term Central Asia is not precisely defined. Various organizations define it by contiguous geography, in ethnic and linguistic terms, or by economic relationships.
Most definitions do focus on countries created by the breakup of the Soviet Union, but do not limit it to those former Soviet Republics.
Geographic
In one common usage it designates five geographically adjacent predominantly Muslim former Soviet republics — Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. For example, that definition is often used by the UN [1] [2].
Afghanistan can reasonably be added, since it is closely related culturally and historically to those nations and geographically contiguous with them. Azerbaijan is not geographically contiguous, but it is nearby and is another former Soviet republic that is mainly Muslim so some [3] include it. In its reference documents, the Central Intelligence Agency considers Azerbaijan part of Southwestern Asia. [4]
Economic
Primarily focused on regional import-export and resource use (e.g., water, energy and especially sustainable energy, gender and economy, knowledge-based development, statistics, trade, transport and torder Crossing), the UN Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia[5] includes both Afghanistan and Azerbaijan, in addition to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Established by the Tashkent Declaration, the founders were the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, and the Republic of Uzbekistan on the one side, jointly with the larger regional organizations, the U.N. Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and the U.N. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.[6] One of the specific coordinating areas is the multinational system of pipelines for petroleum produced in, and shipped across, the region.
Ethnic and linguistic
Some definitions are broader yet. Some [7] include what is now the Chinese province of Xinjiang, a predominantly Muslim area with a language related to Turkish, calling it "East Turkestan". Arguably, Mongolia and various other areas could be included as well.
Political and economic
Another grouping, including major powers external to the region as did the more defense-oriented North Atlantic Treaty Organization and South East Asia Treaty Organization is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, created on June 21, 2001. It founding members included China and Russia as well as Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan but not Turkmenistan.[8]
References
- ↑ UN map of Central Asia
- ↑ UN Office on Drugs & Crime, Country list for Central Asia
- ↑ M.E. Ahrari with J. Beal (January 1996), The New Great Game in Muslim Central Asia, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, McNair Paper Number 47
- ↑ Central Intelligence Agency, Azerbaijan, The World Factbook
- ↑ U.N. Special Programme for the Economies of Central Asia
- ↑ SPECA (U.N. Special Commission for Asia and the Pacific) (March 26, 1998), Tashkent Declaration for the UN Special Progamme for the Economies of Central Asia (SPECA)
- ↑ Mark Dickens, The Transoxania Pages: Central Asian history, languages, literature and culture
- ↑ Shanghai Cooperation Organization, January 7, 2001