imported>David Yamakuchi |
imported>Chris Day |
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| {{Elem_Infobox
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| | background1=ffffff
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| | elementColor=
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| |align=right
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| | elName=Scandium
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| | elMass=44.9559
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| | elSym=Sc
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| | elNum=21
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| | elClass=Transition Metal
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| | eltrnCfg=Ar3d<sup>1</sup>-4s<sup>2</sup>
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| | no1=2
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| | no2=8
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| | no3=9
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| | no4=2
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| | properties=Metallic
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| | compounds=[[Thortveitite]], occurs naturally in many other minerals.
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| | uses=
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| | hazard=Corrosive in quantities of 1,000 ug/ML or 10,000 ug/mL. Liquid and Mist can cause severe burns to all body tissue.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/s0810.htm|title=MSDS, Scandium.|publisher=J.T. Baker|accessdate=07-02-2007|date=05-23-2006}}</ref>
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| {{NFPA
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| |background=eeeeee
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| |size=30
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| |fontsize=15
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| |R='''3'''
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| |Y='''0'''
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| |B='''0'''
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| |W='''COR'''
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| '''Scandium''' is a [[chemical element]] with atomic symbol '''Sc''' and [[atomic number]] 21. Scandium is a group III [[transition metal]] found naturally as the principal component of the mineral [[thortveitite]] and in smaller quantities in more than 800 other minerals. <ref> Lide, David R. (ed) ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 75th ed.'', CRC Press: Ann Arbor, MI (1995). </ref>
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| ==History==
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| Lars Frederick Nilson reported the discovery of Scandium in 1879 <ref> Nilson, Lars Frederick ''Comptes Rendus'', '''88''', 643-647 (1879). excerpts available online [http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Disc-of-Scandium.html here] </ref> Nilson was able to isolate about two grams of scandium oxide (Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) from the minerals euxenite and gadolinate. Nilson explains his choice of name as follows:
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| *"For the element thus characterized I propose the name "scandium," which will bring to mind its presence in gadolinite or euxenite, minerals that have so far been found only in the Scandinavian Peninsula."''(from Nilson, Lars Frederick ''Comptes Rendus'', '''91''', 118 (1880).)''
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| Nilson's subsequent work, assisted by his colleague at the University of Upsala, [[Per Theodor Cleve]], correctly identified the molecular mass of the isolated oxide and the atomic number of the new element.<ref>Nilson, Lars Frederick ''Comptes Rendus'', '''88''', 643 (1879). excerpts available online [http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Disc-of-Scandium.html here]</ref> Nilson reported that Scandium was equivalent to the hypothetical element ''eka''-boron, proposed by [[Mendeleev]] while constructing the periodic table.
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| Pure metallic scandium was first isolated from a eutectic melt of lithium, potassium, and scandium chlorides in 1937 by Fischer, Brunger, and Greineisen<ref>W. Fischer, K. Brunger, and H. Greineisen. ''Z. Anore. Alleem. Chem.'' '''231''', 54 (1937).</ref> High purity scandium (99%) was first prepared in 1960.
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| ==Properties of Scandium==
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| Metallic Scandium presents as a soft, silvery-white metal similar in appearance and consistency to [[yttrium]]. The most abundant isotope of Scandium is Scandium-45, present in nearly 100% abundance. Twelve additional radioactive isotopes have been identified.
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| ==References==
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| <references/>
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